Posing the argument "our definitions of language and culture are not independent: the definition of language involves in it a reference to culture"(1), Ronald Wardhaugh (1986)in his guide "An Introduction to Sociolonguistics" presents quadruple hypotheses proposed by different scholars concerned in "the analyze of the partnership concerning language and culture"(1) and "the many features of language in culture"(1) .The hypotheses are:
•Society influences the linguistic phenomenon.
•Linguistic phenomenon influences the culture
•Society and language with each other dialectically influence the linguistic phenomenon.
•Society and language do not influence the linguistic phenomenon at all.
In accordance to Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe (2003) a culture is the "website of partnership and interactions amongst human beings" when a group of people today adhere with each other
bearing in their minds some typical definite goals of their survival. That's why, the reality
that culture influences the linguistic phenomenon can not be thrown absent. In a Bangla
novel "Kalpurush" (1985) by a renowned Indian Bangla novelist Shamaresh Majumder
such influence of culture more than the linguistic conduct of it is realistically pictured.
Getting mixed up with the rowdy and uncouth corporations of the metropolis-slum he experienced been
developed up in ,Arko, the central character of the novel shocks his cultured and educated
mother and father when he quickly and non-hesitantly uses the Bangla slang like "nakrabaji",
"shala", "maal" etc. Once again, when this Arko arrives across with a member of the higher course
of Calcutta's urban culture who claimed "fuck the time", an objectionable slang in English,
he finds out that his educated mother and father know its that means but are strongly unwilling to
clarify it to him for its semantic extremity. One more female belonging to Calcutta's
upper course expresses amusing surprise in discovering Arko's vocabulary of slang which
are semantically incomprehensible and therefore intriguing to her but have a organic pragmatic
and semantic necessity to Arko. Therefore, it can be proved by means of several scenarios that
culture styles the pragmatic and semantic features of unique linguistic emissions of the
people today.
The next widespread hypothesis expresses that linguistic conduct styles the
culture. Sapir and Whorf, the two American anthropological linguists' hypothesis
strongly advocates this perspective. This Sapir-Whorf hypothesis or Whorfian hypothesis asserts that a native language types the culture. Experienced there been no word like "prottutpannamatitto" in Bangla or "wit" in English the typical semantic and pragmatic entity of both equally would be duly absent. The phrases and phrases like ‘fatafati', ‘kachal',
‘chera-bera', ‘pechki', ‘gutaguti' etc. identify a definite culture of younger generation of
Bangla speakers.
The third hypothesis of the partnership concerning language and culture proposes that
both equally the linguistic phenomenon and the social phenomenon influence the linguistic
conduct in a "bi-directional" way. For the Bangla speakers the word "lungi" has a
socially semantic and pragmatic value in Bangla which would not have so for the
English speakers, as it is a linguistic id of specific socio-cultural apparel of the
context of Bangla speakers not of the English speakers.
The forth hypothesis displays Noam Chomsky' s asocial Common Grammar
hypothesis .It proposes that language is an innate program of expression absolutely free of charge
from the influence of either social or any other exterior linguistic components. This is a
structural pre-composition of universal human language in the human minds that he
names as ‘competence' which desires no exterior social influence to mature and to unfold.
Society has no involvement with the springing up of the unique standard Bangla syntactic
structure that includes matter-item-verb or SOV (ami bhat khai) which is, in a way,
reversed from the English a person, matter-verb-item or SVO (I take in rice).
It is really arduous to identify which of the hypotheses is most appropriate to me
currently being an newbie sociolinguistics practitioner. Nonetheless, as I come across it unnatural to exclude
the influence of the culture while singularly assenting the influence of language more than the
linguistic phenomenon or the vice versa, I profess the third a person to be most possible
in the sociolingustic analyze of the partnership of language and culture. Experienced there not been
any institute as culture as the context of the linguistic interchange of the human race the
forth hypothesis could have been accountable. As the de facto is not so, I adhere to the
third hypothesis out of my have thanks discernment.
Bibliography
1.Majumder, Shamaresh.Kalpurush.Calcatta: Anando, 1985.
two.Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe.Microsoft Company, 2003 ed.
three.Richards, J.Platt, J. and Weber, H.Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics.
British isles: Longman, 1985.
four.Wardhaugh, Ronald.An Introduction to Sociolinguisctis.Oxford: Blackwell, 1986.
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